Habitat-related differences in song structure and complexity in a songbird with a large repertoire

BMC Ecology

Table 1 Differences in song thrush song characteristics between studied populations

	Variable	Urban 95% CI	Forest 95% CI	t/Z	p
A	Whistle minimum frequency	2465.4–2538.9	2312.0–2421.7	3.778	< 0.001
	Whistle peak frequency	2978.0–3112.5	2803.6–2945.9	3.369	0.001
	Twitter minimum frequency	3939.2–4254.6	3823.2–4051.1	1.725	0.090
	Twitter peak frequency	5149.8–5459.2	5008.9–5262.4	1.725	0.090
B	Syllable repertoire	343.58–422.85	276.05–335.72	3.246	0.002
	Whistle repertoire	117.78–146.48	97.89–118.96	2.787	0.007
	Twitter repertoire	216.14–286.04	172.83–222.08	2.649	0.010
	Twitter fraction	433.06–543.64	366.31–462.49	2.035	0.047
C	Syllable duration	0.10–0.11	0.10–0.11	− 0.337	0.737
	Inter-syllable intervals	0.33–0.42	0.36–0.45	− 0.715	0.474
	Syllable rate	122.19–145.07	116.64–136.93	0.898	0.373
	Redundancy index	0.20–0.24	0.22–0.26	− 1.138	0.260
	Linearity index	0.44–0.54	0.36–0.44	2.811	0.007

Characteristics of song parameters describing (A) frequency, (B) repertoire and (C) temporal organization. Statistics: Mann–Whitney’s U-test (inter-syllable intervals) and Student's t-tests (all other variables). Significant differences are in italics

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